See astun on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"astonen",
"astonen#Middle_English"
],
[
"a-",
"a-#Middle_English"
],
[
"estoner",
"estoner#Old_French"
],
[
"a-",
"a-#English"
],
[
"stun",
"stun#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "astonen",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English astonen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "astonen"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English astonen",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "a-",
"3": "estoner",
"lang2": "fro",
"nocat": "1",
"t2": "to stun"
},
"expansion": "a- + Old French estoner (“to stun”)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a-",
"3": "stun"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, a- + stun",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English astonen, probably ultimately from a- + Old French estoner (“to stun”). By surface analysis, a- + stun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "astuns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astunning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "astunned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "astunned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "astone",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "++"
},
"expansion": "astun (third-person singular simple present astuns, present participle astunning, simple past and past participle astunned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with a-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To astonish."
],
"id": "en-astun-en-verb-9UlHc2ba",
"links": [
[
"astonish",
"astonish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To astonish."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "astun"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "astun",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "astuma"
}
],
"glosses": [
"First-person singular present form of astuma."
],
"id": "en-astun-et-verb-Db4GlpuX",
"links": [
[
"astuma",
"astuma#Estonian"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "astun"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "astun",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "astua"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative of astua"
],
"id": "en-astun-fi-verb-iUSa~Vtq",
"links": [
[
"astua",
"astua#Finnish"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "astun"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"astùri",
"astùri#Sicilian"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "scn:astùri",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Sicilian\", \"term\" : \"astùri\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"scn\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Maltese\", \"term\" : \"astun\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"mt\" }\" data-lang=\"mt\" data-title=\"astun\">\nBorrowed from Sicilian astùri.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Sicilian astùri.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "astuni",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astur",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"p": "astuni"
},
"expansion": "astun m (plural astuni)",
"name": "mt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Maltese",
"lang_code": "mt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Maltese entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Maltese entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Maltese entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Maltese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "mt",
"name": "Birds",
"orig": "mt:Birds",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "mt",
"name": "Kites (birds)",
"orig": "mt:Kites (birds)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"red kite (Milvus milvus)"
],
"id": "en-astun-mt-noun-vkcz~QW7",
"links": [
[
"red kite",
"red kite"
],
[
"Milvus milvus",
"Milvus milvus#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/asˈtuːn/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9166 (mlt)-GħawdxiVeru-astun.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/LL-Q9166_%28mlt%29-G%C4%A7awdxiVeru-astun.wav/LL-Q9166_%28mlt%29-G%C4%A7awdxiVeru-astun.wav.mp3",
"note": "Gozo",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/LL-Q9166_%28mlt%29-G%C4%A7awdxiVeru-astun.wav/LL-Q9166_%28mlt%29-G%C4%A7awdxiVeru-astun.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːn"
}
],
"word": "astun"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"astonen",
"astonen#Middle_English"
],
[
"a-",
"a-#Middle_English"
],
[
"estoner",
"estoner#Old_French"
],
[
"a-",
"a-#English"
],
[
"stun",
"stun#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "astonen",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English astonen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "astonen"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English astonen",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "a-",
"3": "estoner",
"lang2": "fro",
"nocat": "1",
"t2": "to stun"
},
"expansion": "a- + Old French estoner (“to stun”)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a-",
"3": "stun"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, a- + stun",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English astonen, probably ultimately from a- + Old French estoner (“to stun”). By surface analysis, a- + stun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "astuns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astunning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "astunned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "astunned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "astone",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "++"
},
"expansion": "astun (third-person singular simple present astuns, present participle astunning, simple past and past participle astunned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English obsolete terms",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms prefixed with a-",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"To astonish."
],
"links": [
[
"astonish",
"astonish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To astonish."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "astun"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "astun",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Estonian non-lemma forms",
"Estonian verb forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "astuma"
}
],
"glosses": [
"First-person singular present form of astuma."
],
"links": [
[
"astuma",
"astuma#Estonian"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "astun"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "astun",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish non-lemma forms",
"Finnish verb forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "astua"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative of astua"
],
"links": [
[
"astua",
"astua#Finnish"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "astun"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"astùri",
"astùri#Sicilian"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "scn:astùri",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Sicilian\", \"term\" : \"astùri\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"scn\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Maltese\", \"term\" : \"astun\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"mt\" }\" data-lang=\"mt\" data-title=\"astun\">\nBorrowed from Sicilian astùri.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Sicilian astùri.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "astuni",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astur",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"p": "astuni"
},
"expansion": "astun m (plural astuni)",
"name": "mt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Maltese",
"lang_code": "mt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Maltese entries referencing missing etymons",
"Maltese entries with etymology texts",
"Maltese entries with etymon",
"Maltese entries with incorrect language header",
"Maltese lemmas",
"Maltese masculine nouns",
"Maltese nouns",
"Maltese terms borrowed from Sicilian",
"Maltese terms derived from Sicilian",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Maltese/uːn",
"Rhymes:Maltese/uːn/2 syllables",
"mt:Birds",
"mt:Kites (birds)"
],
"glosses": [
"red kite (Milvus milvus)"
],
"links": [
[
"red kite",
"red kite"
],
[
"Milvus milvus",
"Milvus milvus#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/asˈtuːn/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9166 (mlt)-GħawdxiVeru-astun.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/LL-Q9166_%28mlt%29-G%C4%A7awdxiVeru-astun.wav/LL-Q9166_%28mlt%29-G%C4%A7awdxiVeru-astun.wav.mp3",
"note": "Gozo",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/LL-Q9166_%28mlt%29-G%C4%A7awdxiVeru-astun.wav/LL-Q9166_%28mlt%29-G%C4%A7awdxiVeru-astun.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːn"
}
],
"word": "astun"
}
Download raw JSONL data for astun meaning in All languages combined (5.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.